Alexey Leonov

Alexey Arkhipovich Leonov (Russian: Алексе́й Архи́пович Лео́нов, IPA: [ɐlʲɪˈksʲej ɐˈrxʲipəvʲɪtɕ lʲɪˈonəf]; born 30 May 1934) is a retired Soviet/Russian cosmonaut, Air Force Major general, writer and artist. On 18 March 1965, he became the first ...

Hazza Al Mansouri

Hazza Al Mansouri is one of the first two astronauts from the United Arab Emirates.

Ronald A. Parise

Ronald Anthony Parise (May 24, 1951 – May 9, 2008) was an Italian American scientist who flew aboard two NASA Space Shuttle missions as a payload specialist.

Samuel T. Durrance

Samuel Thornton Durrance (Ph.D.) was an American scientist who flew aboard two NASA Space Shuttle missions as a payload specialist.

F. Drew Gaffney

Francis Andrew "Drew" Gaffney is an American doctor. He previously worked for NASA and participated in the STS-40 Space Life Sciences (SLS 1) Space Shuttle mission in 1991 as a payload specialist. The SLS-1 mission crew completed over ...

Lawrence J. DeLucas

Lawrence James "Larry" DeLucas (O. D., Ph.D.) is an American biochemist who flew aboard NASA Space Shuttle mission STS-50 as a Payload Specialist. DeLucas was a member of the crew of Space Shuttle Columbia for STS-50 (June 25-July 9, ...

Eugene H. Trinh

Eugene Huu-Chau "Gene" Trinh (Vietnamese: Trịnh Hữu Châu, born September 14, 1950) is a Vietnamese American biochemist who flew aboard NASA Space Shuttle mission STS-50 as a Payload Specialist, becoming the first Vietnamese American ...

Christa McAuliffe

Sharon Christa McAuliffe (born Sharon Christa Corrigan; September 2, 1948 – January 28, 1986) was an American teacher and astronaut from Concord, New Hampshire and one of the seven crew members killed in the Space Shuttle Challenger disaster.

William A. Pailes

William Arthur Pailes (Colonel, USAF) (born June 26, 1952) was a USAF astronaut in the Manned Spaceflight Engineer Program during the mid-1980s. He served as a Payload Specialist on STS-51-J Atlantis (October 3–7, 1985).

Sultan bin Salman Al Saud

Sultan bin Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud (born 27 June 1956) is a former Royal Saudi Air Force pilot who flew aboard the American STS-51-G Space Shuttle mission as a payload specialist, and a member of the House of Saud. He is thus the first ...

Edwin Jacob Garn

Edwin Jacob "Jake" Garn (born October 12, 1932) is an American astronaut and politician, a member of the Republican Party, who served as a U.S. Senator representing Utah from 1974 to 1993. Garn became the first sitting member of the ...

John-David F. Bartoe

John-David Francis Bartoe (born November 17, 1944 in Abington, Pennsylvania) is an American astrophysicist. He is the Research Manager for the International Space Station (ISS) at NASA's Johnson Space Center. He provides oversight for the ...

Charles D. Walker

Charles David "Charlie" Walker (born August 29, 1948) is an American engineer who flew on three Space Shuttle missions in 1984 and 1985 as a Payload Specialist for the McDonnell Douglas Corporation. He is the first non-government ...

Byron K. Lichtenberg

Byron Kurt Lichtenberg, Sc. D. (born February 19, 1948) is an American engineer and fighter pilot who flew aboard two NASA Space Shuttle missions as a Payload Specialist. In 1983, he and Ulf Merbold became the first Payload Specialists to fly on ...

Jessica Watkins

Jessica Andrea Watkins is an American geologist, former international rugby player, and a NASA astronaut of the class of 2017.

Francisco Rubio

Francisco Carlos Rubio is a US Army helicopter pilot, flight surgeon, and NASA astronaut of the class of 2017.

Loral O'Hara

Loral O'Hara is an American engineer and NASA astronaut of the class of 2017.

Jasmin Moghbeli

Jasmin Moghbeli is an Iranian-American Marine Corps test pilot and NASA astronaut of the class of 2017. She is a graduate of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Naval Postgraduate School, and U.S. Naval Test Pilot School, and has over ...

Jonny Kim

Jonathan Yong Kim is an American physician, Navy SEAL, and NASA astronaut of the class of 2017. He is a recipient of the Silver Star and a Bronze Star, and a graduate of the University of San Diego and Harvard Medical School.

Matthew Dominick

Matthew Stuart Dominick is a US Navy test pilot and a NASA astronaut of the class of 2017. He has more than 1,600 hours of flight time in 28 aircraft, 400 carrier-arrested landings, 61 combat missions, and almost 200 flight test carrier landings.

Czym się różni kosmonauta od astronauty?

Kosmonauta i astronauta to synonimy, czyli teoretycznie możemy używać ich wymiennie, ale tradycyjnie nazywamy ludzi wyniesionych w kosmos przez amerykanów astronautami, a przez rosjan kosmonautami, niezależnie jakich narodowości byli. Czyli Amerykanie, Kanadyjczycy, Japończycy, Włosi, Francuzi i Niemcy latający z amerykanami to astronauci. Natomiast generała Hermaszewskiego, jedynego (jak dotąd) Polaka w Kosmosie, nazywa się kosmonautą bo poleciał w ramach radzieckiego programu kosmicznego.

Tajkonauta (taikonauta)

A co z chińczykami? Na zachodzie chińczyków w kosmosie nazywają taikonautami. Co ciekawe słowo tajkonuta, z chińskiego "taikong" (czyli przestrzeń kosmiczna) wymyślił najprawdopodobniej dla żartu pod koniec lat 90. malezyjski fan lotów kosmicznych i posłużył się nim w tekście internetowym, co podchwyciły zachodnie media. Sami Chińczycy mówią o swoim astronaucie – yuhangyuan.